The Notre Dame Cathedral of Saigon, an iconic representation of Ho Chi Minh City's colonial past, stands impressively in the city center. Its distinctive red brick exterior and pair of bell towers make it an architectural gem that offers visitors a glimpse into bygone eras. As Vietnam's premier travel and aviation company, Vietravel recommends this essential attraction and is ready to enhance your experience of this historic site.
Learn more about Ho Chi Minh City Travel Guide.
I. Where is Notre Dame Cathedral of Saigon?
Located centrally in District 1, the Notre Dame Cathedral of Saigon (officially known as the Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of The Immaculate Conception) is easily accessible and a key point of interest for any visitor to Ho Chi Minh City.
- Address: 1 Cong Xa Paris, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1 (Notre Dame Cathedral of Saigon on Google Maps)
The Best Time to Visit
1. Morning Serenity
For an unhurried and tranquil experience, visit the cathedral between 8:00 AM and 10:00 AM. This time of day offers a peaceful ambiance, perfect for photography enthusiasts eager to capture the cathedral bathed in the soft morning light.
Tip: Arrive early to avoid the crowds and enjoy sitting at a coffee shop to view the attraction.
2. Afternoon Exploration:
From 2:00 PM onwards, the cathedral becomes a bustling hub of activity with both tourists and locals. While the sun can be intense, the interior of the cathedral provides a cool and serene escape, allowing you to delve into its historical and architectural splendor.
Tip: Remember to check mass timings if you wish to witness or avoid the ceremonies.
II. The History of Notre Dame Cathedral of Saigon - What to do in Ho Chi Minh City?
1. Early Beginnings (1863-1876)
The history of Notre Dame Cathedral Saigon traces back to the period of French colonization in Vietnam. During this time, the French established cathedrals in every major city and significant town as the central church for a bishop within Christian communities. After the French captured Saigon in 1861, they converted a small, deserted Vietnamese pagoda into a place of worship for the French residents. This modest church, situated on what was then Street No. 5 (later Vannier Street, now Ngo Duc Ke Street), near Street 16 (Catinat Street), is recognized as Saigon's first cathedral.
With Saigon firmly under colonial control by 1863, a bigger cathedral became required. The work began on the second cathedral in Saigon on March 28, 1863. This new wooden building was constructed in the location of the Sunwah building, which was earlier known as the Peace Building, at 115 Nguyen Hue on Kinh Lon (now Charner Boulevard).
The cathedral was completed in just four months, thanks to the efforts of contractor Chatain, who followed designs under the direction of Colonel Coffyn, an early urban planner in Saigon, and supervised by Captain Blazy. However, the wooden structure quickly succumbed to the tropical climate and the destructive effects of termites and wood-boring insects. Within a few years of its inauguration in 1868, the cathedral had suffered significant damage. As a result, major religious ceremonies were temporarily held in the ceremonial hall of the old Governor’s Palace (later the Lasan Taberd school, now Tran Dai Nghia school) until a more durable cathedral could be constructed. This new and lasting structure, which we know today as Notre Dame Cathedral Saigon, has stood resiliently for nearly one and a half centuries.
2. A New Change In History Of Notre Dame Cathedral Saigon (1876-1880)
In late summer 1876, a significant chapter in the history of Notre Dame Cathedral Saigon began. Victor Auguste, Baron Duperré, the Governor of Cochinchina, initiated a major architectural competition to design a new cathedral for Saigon. Out of 17 entries, architect J. Bourard’s design, which masterfully blended Romanesque architecture with Gothic elements, was chosen as the winning proposal. The selection process involved careful consideration of three potential sites: the former Truong Thi location (now the intersection of Le Duan and Hai Ba Trung Streets, where the French Consulate stands), the Kinh Lon area (where the previous cathedral once stood, now part of Nguyen Hue Street), and the site where the cathedral currently resides. Ultimately, the present location was selected for the construction of this monumental structure.
Once Bourard’s design was approved, Governor Duperré launched a competitive bidding process to determine who would oversee the cathedral’s construction. In a surprising outcome, Bourard himself secured the contract, taking on the responsibility of directly supervising the project.
The foundation stone was laid on October 7, 1877, in a ceremony led by Bishop Isidore Colombert and attended by Governor Duperré along with other prominent colonial officials. The cathedral was consecrated and officially inaugurated on April 11, 1880, during an Easter ceremony presided over by Bishop Colombert, with Governor Le Myre de Vilers present. Remarkably, the construction was completed in just three years, well ahead of the initial five-year projection.
3. Notre Dame Cathedral of Saigon After The War (1975 - now)
After Vietnam War, Notre Dame Cathedral came to symbolize peace and reconciliation in a nation striving to heal and rebuild. Standing tall amidst the remnants of conflict, the cathedral embodied the resilience and hope of the Vietnamese people. Beyond its religious significance, the basilica became a cultural icon, representing the harmonious coexistence of diverse beliefs and traditions in a city rapidly embracing modernity.
Since 2017, Notre Dame Cathedral Saigon has been undergoing an extensive renovation, scheduled for completion by 2027. This grand French Gothic structure, a cornerstone of Vietnam's architectural heritage, had experienced significant deterioration over the years. The renovation, backed by local authorities and cultural preservationists, seeks to restore the cathedral's former splendor while ensuring its long-term structural stability. The project has encountered several obstacles, including assessing extensive damage, sourcing authentic materials, and delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, all contributing to a revised completion timeline. Nevertheless, progress is being made, with a primary focus on repairing the bell towers and zinc roofs, promising to extend the cathedral's life for at least another century.
During the renovation, access to the church is limited to mass times. Visitors are encouraged to explore other activities, such as Saigon City Tours, to make the most of their time while discovering the city's top attractions.
III. Architecture - Notre Dame Cathedral of Saigon travel guide
Originally, the twin bell towers of Notre Dame Cathedral Saigon stood at 36.6 meters, featuring narrow staircases around 40 cm wide that led up to the top. These bell chambers were dimly lit, with basic wooden planks spaced out on the floor, creating a dizzying view down to the base. However, in 1895, the cathedral underwent a significant architectural upgrade. Architect Gardes introduced two spires, each 21 meters tall, covering the bell chambers and raising the total height of the towers to 57 meters. From this new vantage point, one could take in the sweeping view of Saigon’s urban landscape at the time. It was also during this period that the cathedral was equipped with a unique set of six bells, which a French observer once described as unparalleled in the Far East and envied even by many cathedrals in France.
Each of these six bells, created in 1879 by the Bolley bell foundry in France, is tuned to a different note and showcases intricate designs with distinctive decorative patterns. In terms of their arrangement, the right tower holds four bells (G, C, D, E), while the left tower contains two (A, B). The combined weight of these bells is a staggering 27,055 kg (around 27 tons), and when factoring in the counterweights of 1,840 kg attached to each bell, the total weight reaches 28,895 kg. On regular days, the E bell rings at 5 AM, and the D bell at 4:15 PM. Sundays and holidays see a trio of bells—E, D, and C—playing in harmony, although the G bell is typically excluded due to its weight. On Christmas Eve, however, all six bells are rung together, their sound traveling as far as 10 km.
The clock mechanism, located 15 meters above ground between the towers, was crafted in Switzerland by R.A. in 1887. Despite its simplicity and age, the clock remains remarkably accurate. Adjustments to the clock are made using a smaller, household-sized clock as a reference, allowing for easy monitoring. The clock must be wound weekly with a crank resembling that of a car jack. Although the clock was originally connected to a system that struck the hours on the cathedral’s bells, this feature is no longer operational due to the age of the mechanism.
IV. What to Do at Notre Dame Cathedral of Saigon - What to do in Ho Chi Minh City
1. Discover Vietnamese Coffee Culture
One of the most delightful experiences near Notre Dame Cathedral is immersing yourself in Vietnam’s rich coffee culture. Start your morning early, around 6 AM, and join the locals who gather near the cathedral for a refreshing cup of traditional Vietnamese coffee. Street vendors and small cafes in the area offer a variety of coffee options, from the black coffee to the creamy and sweet iced coffee with condensed milk. Sitting outside in the crisp morning air, you can enjoy your coffee while taking in the peaceful atmosphere of the early hours, with the majestic Notre Dame Cathedral as your backdrop.
2. Explore Ho Chi Minh City's Street Book Culture
Just a short stroll from Notre Dame Cathedral, you'll find a unique and charming part of the city—Ho Chi Minh City's Street Book area. This pedestrian-only street is lined with stalls and small shops selling a wide range of books, from local literature to international bestsellers. It’s the perfect place to dive into the literary culture of Vietnam, pick up a book, and enjoy a quiet moment of reading. The street often hosts cultural events, book signings, and workshops, making it a lively spot for both book lovers and curious visitors alike. Don’t miss the chance to grab a book and find a cozy corner to read, surrounded by the hustle and bustle of the city.
3. Explore Saigon Central Post Office
No visit to Notre Dame Cathedral would be complete without exploring the nearby Saigon Central Post Office, one of the city's most iconic landmarks. Just a short walk from the cathedral, this magnificent building, designed by Gustave Eiffel, showcases stunning French colonial architecture with intricate details and a grand interior. Inside, you’ll find beautifully arched ceilings, antique phone booths, and historic maps that tell the story of Saigon’s past. Whether you’re sending a postcard home, admiring the architecture, or simply soaking in the historical ambiance, the Saigon Central Post Office offers a fascinating glimpse into the city's rich history.
Read more about Saigon Central Post Office Travel Guide.
V. How to Get Around Notre Dame Cathedral
1. By Walking
The cathedral is located in the city center, making it easily accessible on foot from many nearby attractions. Walking allows you to appreciate the vibrant surroundings and discover hidden gems along the way.
2. By Bus
Several bus routes stop near Notre Dame Cathedral. Routes 03, 18, 19, 45, and 50 will get you close to the cathedral, providing a convenient and cost-effective mode of transport.
Tip: Try the Hop-on-Hop-off bus if you want to stop at other places too!
3. By Taxi or Ride-hailing Apps
For a more direct and comfortable journey, consider taking a taxi or using ride-hailing apps like Grab, Be, or Gojek. These services are widely available and can drop you right at the cathedral's entrance.
4. By Cyclo
Want an old-school ride? Try a cyclo – it's like a big bike with a seat. It costs more, but it's a special way to see the city. You can take photos as you ride to Notre Dame Cathedral of Saigon.
VI. Conclusion
Notre Dame Cathedral is more than just an architectural marvel; it is a testament to Ho Chi Minh City's colonial past and religious heritage. Whether you're an architecture enthusiast, a history buff, or simply seeking a moment of tranquility in the bustling city, the cathedral offers a unique and enriching experience. Dive into this historical gem with Vietravel's detailed guide and discover the heart of Ho Chi Minh City like never before.
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